Think of it this way: AI is the destination, and machine learning (ML) is the vehicle getting us there.
**AI** = The broad concept of machines mimicking intelligence.
**ML** = A technique where machines learn from data without being explicitly programmed.
Traditional programming: IF spam keyword → mark as spam.
ML approach: Show 10,000 spam/not-spam examples → the model learns the pattern itself.
ML is dominant in modern AI because it scales — the more data, the better the model gets.